One of the challenges I hear from people who defend the sex industry is, “Who says this stuff is pornography, anyway?” Over the last few decades our culture has become so saturated with sexual imagery and innuendo that collectively we’ve lost the ability to blush.
So, I suppose it’s both fair and instructional that, if we believe pornography to be harmful to society, we ought to be able to define it. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy provides a pretty illuminating definition:
“Books, photographs, magazines, art, or music designed to excite sexual impulses and considered by public authorities or public opinion as in violation of accepted standards of sexual morality. American courts have not yet settled on a satisfactory definition of what constitutes pornographic material.”
What an interesting last sentence; it manages to be right and wrong at the same time. The landmark Supreme Court case Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15
· the average person, applying contemporary community standards (not national standards, as some prior tests required), must find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest;
· the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct or excretory functions specifically defined by applicable state law; and
· the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
Since to this date Miller v. California has not been overturned, it would seem that American courts have settled on a satisfactory definition, yes? So why aren’t there more obscenity cases tried? The problem is that while the judiciary has settled on what defines obscene material, the “contemporary community standards” of the Miller test have plummeted lower than Enron stock, which brings us back to the original question: What is pornography?
I would define it as any material, in any form, that exists primarily to stimulate sexual arousal in its user or viewer. That’s a very broad swipe, I know. I’m not attempting to have the definitive say here; I’m attempting to get you to think.
We live in a culture in which Playboy bunnies get their own reality TV show, and Hollywood celebrities shrug off sex tapes like they were caught double parking. We have technology that allows us – and our children – access to an unimaginable (and seemingly ubiquitous) array of imagery. How can we expect to stem the tide of porn when communities are so inundated with it that we actually take it for granted?
How do you define pornography? Do you believe the term only applies to X-rated material, or would you include Playboy magazine? What about the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue? What is pornography, and what should be done about it?